Liderazgo visible del supervisor y su impacto en el desempeño de seguridad industrial minera. Revisión sistemática
Visible leadership of the supervisor and its impact on mining industrial safety performance. Systematic reviewContenido principal del artículo
La industria minera enfrenta constantes desafíos en seguridad ocupacional que demandan enfoques innovadores de prevención. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la evidencia científica sobre liderazgo visible del supervisor y desempeño en seguridad minera entre 2015 y 2025, identificando mecanismos, patrones geográficos y vacíos que orienten futuras investigaciones y prácticas. Se realizó una revisión sistemática cualitativa, siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA 2020, incluyendo 19 artículos. Los resultados confirman que el liderazgo visible del supervisor, con la presencia en el terreno, la comunicación explícita, el modelamiento de conductas y la retroalimentación, es determinante crítico del desempeño en seguridad minera. El liderazgo transformacional predomina como marco teórico (54% de definiciones). Se identifican dos vías de impacto: conductual directa y psicológica indirecta. Asia concentra la producción (52,6%), con vacío en Latinoamérica. Se recomienda implementar programas formativos en liderazgo visible, incorporar estándares en fiscalizaciones regulatorias y priorizar investigaciones longitudinales en contextos latinoamericanos que exploren mecanismos mediadores y moderadores.
The mining industry faces constant challenges in occupational safety that demand innovative prevention approaches. The objective of the study was to analyze scientific evidence on visible supervisor leadership and performance in mining safety between 2015 and 2025, identifying mechanisms, geographic patterns and gaps that guide future investigations and practices. A systematic qualitative review was carried out, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, including 19 articles. The results confirm that the visible leadership of the supervisor, with presence on the ground, explicit communication, modeling of conduct and feedback, is a critical determinant of performance in mining safety. Transformational leadership predominates as a theoretical framework (54% of definitions). Paths of impact are identified: direct behavioral and indirect psychological. Asia concentrates production (52.6%), with vacancy in Latin America. It is recommended to implement training programs with visible leadership, incorporate standards in regulatory inspections and prioritize longitudinal investigations in Latin American contexts that explore mediating and moderating mechanisms.
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