La convergencia entre Inteligencia Artificial, Automatización y BIM: una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre diseño y construcción inteligentes
The Convergence of Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and BIM: A Systematic Literature Review on Intelligent Design and ConstructionContenido principal del artículo
La convergencia entre la Inteligencia Artificial, la automatización y el Building Information Modeling está redefiniendo de manera progresiva los procesos de diseño, construcción, operación y gestión en el sector de la arquitectura, la ingeniería y la construcción. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar sistemáticamente la literatura científica reciente sobre esta convergencia, con especial atención a sus aportes al diseño y la construcción inteligentes. Para ello, se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de la literatura, a partir de un corpus de 19 artículos científicos seleccionados según criterios de pertinencia temática, actualidad y relación directa con el objeto de estudio. Los hallazgos evidencian que esta integración fortalece la planificación, la simulación, el diseño generativo, la gestión de cronogramas y costos, la seguridad en obra, el mantenimiento predictivo, la trazabilidad de la información y la sostenibilidad del entorno construido. Asimismo, se identificó que tecnologías como los gemelos digitales, el Internet de las Cosas, la visión computacional y el aprendizaje automático amplían la capacidad operativa de los modelos digitales y favorecen procesos más precisos, anticipatorios y adaptativos. No obstante, la revisión también revela desafíos persistentes vinculados con la interoperabilidad, la calidad de los datos, la ciberseguridad, la falta de estandarización y la necesidad de formación especializada. Se concluye que el desarrollo efectivo del diseño y la construcción inteligentes exige no solo adopción tecnológica, sino también marcos de integración más robustos, gobernanza de datos y validación práctica en contextos reales.
The convergence of Artificial Intelligence, automation, and Building Information Modeling is progressively redefining design, construction, operation, and management processes within the architecture, engineering, and construction sector. The present study aimed to systematically analyze recent scientific literature on this convergence, with particular attention to its contributions to intelligent design and smart construction. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted based on a corpus of 19 scientific articles selected according to criteria of thematic relevance, timeliness, and direct connection with the object of study. The findings show that this integration strengthens planning, simulation, generative design, schedule and cost management, on-site safety, predictive maintenance, information traceability, and the sustainability of the built environment. Likewise, it was identified that technologies such as digital twins, the Internet of Things, computer vision, and machine learning expand the operational capacity of digital models and foster more precise, anticipatory, and adaptive processes. However, the review also reveals persistent challenges related to interoperability, data quality, cybersecurity, lack of standardization, and the need for specialized training. It is concluded that the effective development of intelligent design and smart construction requires not only technological adoption, but also more robust integration frameworks, data governance, and practical validation in real-world contexts.
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