Clima de seguridad como mediador entre gestión preventiva y calidad de vida laboral portuaria amazónica
Safety climate as a mediator between preventive management and quality of working life in amazonian portsContenido principal del artículo
Contexto: La gestión de prevención de riesgos laborales es fundamental para proteger a los trabajadores, aunque su efectividad depende de factores psicosociales como el clima de seguridad organizacional. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto mediador del clima de seguridad organizacional en la relación entre la gestión de prevención de riesgos y la calidad de vida laboral en trabajadores de la construcción portuaria en la Amazonía peruana. Metodología: Se aplicó un diseño transversal correlacional con una muestra de 62 trabajadores. Los datos se analizaron mediante PLS-SEM con bootstrapping de 5000 réplicas y fsQCA para identificar condiciones necesarias y consistentes. Resultados: La gestión preventiva impacta la calidad de vida laboral de forma indirecta a través del clima de seguridad (efecto indirecto = 0,493; mediación = 81,6 %). Un clima de seguridad deficiente se asocia con mayor incidencia de incidentes laborales. El análisis fsQCA mostró que un clima de seguridad presente tiene una consistencia de 0,835, constituyéndose como condición cuasi-necesaria para alcanzar alta calidad de vida laboral. Conclusiones: El clima de seguridad organizacional actúa como mecanismo dominante en la transmisión del efecto de la gestión preventiva sobre la calidad de vida laboral. Fortalecer el clima de seguridad es esencial para maximizar los beneficios de las políticas de prevención en entornos de trabajo de alto riesgo, como la construcción portuaria.
Background: Occupational health and safety (OHS) management is critical for worker protection; however, its effectiveness is contingent upon psychosocial factors, notably the organizational safety climate. Objective: This study aims to determine the mediating role of organizational safety climate in the relationship between risk prevention management and quality of work life (QWL) among port construction workers in the Peruvian Amazon. Methodology: A cross-sectional correlational design was employed with a sample of 62 workers. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with 5,000 bootstrapping resamples, alongside fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to identify necessary and consistent conditions. Results: Preventive management exerts an indirect impact on QWL through the safety climate (indirect effect = 0.493; mediation = 81.6%). Furthermore, a deficient safety climate is associated with a higher incidence of occupational accidents. The fsQCA results indicated that the presence of a robust safety climate achieves a consistency of 0.835, characterizing it as a quasi-necessary condition for attaining high levels of QWL. Conclusions: Organizational safety climate serves as the dominant mechanism through which preventive management influences QWL. Strengthening the safety climate is imperative to maximize the benefits of prevention policies in high-risk work environments, such as port construction.
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