Gobernanza del riesgo y resiliencia ante desastres en Huánuco, Perú
Risk governance and resilience to disasters in Huánuco, PeruContenido principal del artículo
Contexto: La gestión del riesgo de desastres es un desafío prioritario en regiones con alta vulnerabilidad socio-territorial, donde la resiliencia depende de la interacción entre instituciones y comunidades locales. Objetivo: Analizar cómo los mecanismos estructurales de la gobernanza del riesgo influyen en la resiliencia ante desastres en contextos de alta vulnerabilidad socio-territorial en Huánuco, Perú. Metodología: Se empleó un diseño cuantitativo, no experimental y de corte transversal. La muestra incluyó 384 actores locales, y se aplicó un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales para evaluar las relaciones entre gobernanza del riesgo, participación comunitaria, confianza institucional y resiliencia. Resultados: La gobernanza del riesgo mostró influencia positiva significativa sobre la participación comunitaria y la resiliencia ante desastres. La participación comunitaria actuó como mediador parcial, mientras que la confianza institucional funcionó como moderador de la relación entre gobernanza y resiliencia. Conclusiones: La resiliencia ante desastres se configura como una propiedad emergente del sistema socioecológico, dependiente de la articulación entre capacidades institucionales y capital social comunitario. Los hallazgos sugieren que fortalecer la gobernanza local y fomentar la participación comunitaria son estrategias clave para aumentar la capacidad de respuesta y adaptación frente a eventos adversos.
Background: Disaster Risk Management (DRM) is a critical priority in regions characterized by high socio-territorial vulnerability, where resilience is contingent upon the dynamic interplay between formal institutions and local communities. Objective: This study aims to analyze how the structural mechanisms of risk governance influence disaster resilience within socio-territorially vulnerable contexts in Huánuco, Peru. Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional research design was adopted. The sample included 384 local stakeholders, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to assess the relationships between risk governance, community participation, institutional trust, and resilience. Results: Risk governance demonstrated a significant positive influence on both community participation and disaster resilience. Community participation acted as a partial mediator, while institutional trust functioned as a moderator in the relationship between governance and resilience. Conclusions: Disaster resilience is conceptualized as an emergent property of the socio-ecological system, dependent on the strategic alignment between institutional capacities and community social capital. The findings suggest that strengthening local governance and fostering community participation are essential strategies for enhancing response and adaptive capacities in the face of adverse events.
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