Transparencia institucional y cultura organizacional en la gestión de políticas públicas: una revisión sistemática
Institutional transparency and organizational culture in public policy management: a systematic reviewContenido principal del artículo
Contexto: La integración entre los marcos normativos de acceso a la información y las creencias institucionales de los servidores públicos constituye un desafío central para la modernización estatal y la consolidación de gobiernos transparentes. Objetivo: Analizar la literatura científica publicada entre 2020 y 2025 sobre transparencia institucional, cultura organizacional e implementación de políticas públicas. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática con enfoque cualitativo y diseño descriptivo, aplicando análisis documental y codificación temática mediante la guía PRISMA. Se incluyeron 20 estudios científicos relacionados con transparencia, gestión pública y cultura organizacional. Resultados: Los hallazgos evidenciaron que la transparencia efectiva requiere no solo marcos normativos, sino también instituciones de control sólidas y capacidades organizacionales para su implementación. La brecha entre regulación y práctica continúa siendo persistente. El 60 % de los estudios empleó enfoques cualitativos, mientras que el 40 % correspondió a investigaciones mixtas o cuantitativas. Asimismo, el 70 % destacó que los marcos normativos resultan insuficientes sin condiciones institucionales adecuadas. Conclusiones: La cultura organizacional constituye un factor determinante para el éxito de las políticas de transparencia pública, superando el efecto de la normativa aislada. Se requiere fortalecer capacidades institucionales, mecanismos de control y procesos de transformación cultural para lograr una implementación efectiva de la transparencia en las organizaciones estatales.
Background: The integration of regulatory frameworks for access to information with the institutional beliefs of public officials constitutes a pivotal challenge for state modernization and the consolidation of transparent governance. Objective: To analyze the scientific literature published between 2020 and 2025 regarding institutional transparency, organizational culture, and public policy implementation. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted using a qualitative approach and a descriptive design, applying documentary analysis and thematic coding in adherence to the PRISMA guidelines. The study included 20 scientific papers related to transparency, public management, and organizational culture. Results: The findings demonstrate that effective transparency requires not only normative frameworks but also robust oversight institutions and organizational capacities for implementation. The gap between regulation and practice remains persistent. Regarding research methodology, 60% of the studies employed qualitative approaches, while 40% utilized mixed or quantitative methods. Furthermore, 70% of the literature emphasized that regulatory frameworks are insufficient without adequate institutional conditions. Conclusions: Organizational culture is a decisive factor in the success of public transparency policies, transcending the impact of isolated regulations. Strengthening institutional capacities, oversight mechanisms, and cultural transformation processes is essential to achieve effective transparency implementation within state organizations.
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