La minería no regulada y la calidad de vida de las comunidades: una revisión sistemática

Unregulated mining and the quality of life of communities: a systematic review

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Contexto: La expansión de la explotación minera no regulada representa un desafío para la gestión pública y la sostenibilidad social y ambiental, debido a sus efectos sobre los ecosistemas, la salud colectiva y las condiciones de vida de las poblaciones expuestas. Objetivo: Analizar los principales impactos de la minería no regulada sobre la calidad de vida de comunidades en diferentes contextos geográficos. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura bajo los lineamientos PRISMA. La búsqueda se efectuó en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science y SciELO. Se identificaron 25 estudios que cumplieron los criterios de selección, procedentes de África, Asia, América Latina y Europa, los cuales fueron analizados considerando sus principales hallazgos ambientales, sociales y sanitarios. Resultados: Los estudios evidenciaron que el 80 % reportó deterioro ambiental asociado a la presencia de metales pesados, el 64 % identificó afectaciones en la salud comunitaria y el 56 % señaló reducción de la seguridad alimentaria. Asimismo, se observó que las comunidades indígenas y afrodescendientes presentan mayor vulnerabilidad debido a la pérdida de recursos naturales, deterioro territorial y limitada capacidad institucional de respuesta. Conclusiones: La minería no regulada genera impactos multidimensionales que superan sus beneficios económicos inmediatos, afectando la calidad de vida, el bienestar comunitario y la sostenibilidad ambiental. Se requiere fortalecer la gobernanza pública mediante políticas integrales de regulación, monitoreo ambiental, protección social y mecanismos de compensación para las poblaciones afectadas.
Background: The expansion of unregulated mining represents a significant challenge for public governance and socio-environmental sustainability due to its adverse effects on ecosystems, public health, and the living conditions of exposed populations. Objective: To analyze the primary impacts of unregulated mining on the quality of life of communities across diverse geographic contexts. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed using Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases. Twenty-five studies meeting the selection criteria from Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Europe were identified and analyzed based on their environmental, social, and health-related findings. Results: The analysis revealed that 80% of the studies reported environmental degradation associated with heavy metal contamination, 64% identified community health impairments, and 56% highlighted a reduction in food security. Furthermore, indigenous and Afro-descendant communities were found to exhibit higher vulnerability due to the loss of natural resources, territorial degradation, and limited institutional response capacity. Conclusions: Unregulated mining generates multidimensional impacts that outweigh its immediate economic benefits, severely affecting quality of life, community well-being, and environmental sustainability. Strengthening public governance is essential through comprehensive regulatory policies, environmental monitoring, social protection frameworks, and compensation mechanisms for affected populations.

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Aguilar Ramírez, S. K., & Griselda Lora-Loza, M. (2026). La minería no regulada y la calidad de vida de las comunidades: una revisión sistemática. Impulso, Revista De Administración, 6(15), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.59659/impulso.v.6i15.357
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Vol. 6 Núm. 15 (2026): Volumen 6 | Número 15 | Julio – Septiembre - 2026
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Artículos de Revisión
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

Cómo citar

Aguilar Ramírez, S. K., & Griselda Lora-Loza, M. (2026). La minería no regulada y la calidad de vida de las comunidades: una revisión sistemática. Impulso, Revista De Administración, 6(15), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.59659/impulso.v.6i15.357

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