Gobernanza y gestión de proyectos de energía eólica en los países de la Comunidad Andina: una revisión sistemática

Governance and Management of Wind Energy Projects in the Andean Community Countries: A Systematic Review

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Introducción: La expansión de la energía eólica en Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú ocurre en contextos institucionales, territoriales y sociales heterogéneos, donde su desarrollo depende de políticas públicas, regulación, infraestructura, evaluación ambiental, participación comunitaria y capacidades de operación. Objetivo: Analizar cómo la literatura científica aborda la gobernanza y la gestión de proyectos eólicos en los países de la Comunidad Andina. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a PRISMA 2020, con búsquedas en SciELO, Crossref y plataformas editoriales académicas, complementadas mediante rastreo de referencias. De 120 registros consolidados, tras eliminar duplicados y aplicar criterios de pertinencia temática, localización geográfica, calidad de información y verificación bibliográfica, se seleccionaron 23 estudios. Resultados: La gobernanza energética andina combina mecanismos jerárquicos y cooperativos, con elevada dependencia de decisiones centrales. La discontinuidad regulatoria limita la inversión, mientras que la aceptación social y el reconocimiento de derechos territoriales constituyen condiciones esenciales para la gestión. Asimismo, la sostenibilidad operativa requiere integrar diseño técnico, financiamiento, mantenimiento, capacidades locales y coordinación multinivel. Se identificaron diferencias importantes entre los cuatro países en desarrollo institucional, conflictos territoriales, sistemas híbridos y aprovechamiento del potencial eólico. Conclusión: La gobernanza eólica andina debe avanzar hacia planificación territorial, participación vinculante, distribución equitativa de beneficios y gestión adaptativa del ciclo de vida de los proyectos.
Background: The expansion of wind energy in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru takes place within heterogeneous institutional, territorial, and social contexts, where its development depends on public policies, regulation, infrastructure, environmental assessment, community participation, and operational capacities. Objective: To analyze how scientific literature addresses the governance and management of wind projects in the countries of the Andean Community. Method: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020, with searches in SciELO, Crossref, and academic publishing platforms, complemented by reference tracking. From 120 consolidated records, after removing duplicates and applying criteria for thematic relevance, geographic location, information quality, and bibliographic verification, 23 studies were selected. Results: Andean energy governance combines hierarchical and cooperative mechanisms, with a high dependence on centralized decision-making. Regulatory discontinuity limits investment, while social acceptance and the recognition of territorial rights constitute essential conditions for management. Furthermore, operational sustainability requires integrating technical design, financing, maintenance, local capacities, and multi-level coordination. Significant differences were identified among the four countries regarding institutional development, territorial conflicts, hybrid systems, and the utilization of wind potential. Conclusion: Andean wind governance must move toward territorial planning, binding participation, equitable distribution of benefits, and adaptive management of the project lifecycle.

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Hendenmann Manrique, C. E., Rojas Serna, C. A., Gamarra Chinchay, H. E., & Ganoza Piña, J. J. (2026). Gobernanza y gestión de proyectos de energía eólica en los países de la Comunidad Andina: una revisión sistemática. Impulso, Revista De Administración, 6(15), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.59659/impulso.v.6i15.369
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Vol. 6 Núm. 15 (2026): Volumen 6 | Número 15 | Julio – Septiembre - 2026
Sección
Artículos de Revisión
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

Cómo citar

Hendenmann Manrique, C. E., Rojas Serna, C. A., Gamarra Chinchay, H. E., & Ganoza Piña, J. J. (2026). Gobernanza y gestión de proyectos de energía eólica en los países de la Comunidad Andina: una revisión sistemática. Impulso, Revista De Administración, 6(15), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.59659/impulso.v.6i15.369

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