Gestión de calidad en servicios intensivos para mitigar disparidades en la atención hospitalaria
Quality Management in Intensive Care Services to Mitigate Disparities in Hospital CareContenido principal del artículo
Esta revisión teórico-conceptual sistematiza el conocimiento sobre la implementación de sistemas de gestión de calidad en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y su impacto en la reducción de disparidades en la atención hospitalaria. Mediante un análisis documental integrativo de 34 referencias bibliográficas especializadas (2005-2025), se construye un marco conceptual integral que delimita las dimensiones constitutivas y elementos estructurales del fenómeno. Los resultados identifican un constructo multidimensional integrado por tres dimensiones: técnica-operativa, orientada a la estandarización de procesos y seguridad clínica; sociocultural, centrada en la formación en equidad, ética y competencias interculturales; y estructural-contextual, relacionada con factores externos como los recursos disponibles, el acceso y las condiciones organizacionales. Se establecen estrategias clave que incluyen protocolos estandarizados, auditorías de mejora continua, uso de datos y algoritmos para identificar sesgos, capacitación del personal y adaptación de los sistemas de calidad a los contextos sociales y culturales. Las experiencias revisadas demuestran que los sistemas de gestión de calidad constituyen plataformas institucionales adaptativas que superan enfoques centrados únicamente en la eficiencia hacia modelos integrales que promueven la equidad, la seguridad del paciente y la disminución de brechas en la atención crítica.
This theoretical-conceptual review systematizes knowledge on risk management strategies in municipal investment aimed at the development and protection of priority groups in Latin America. Through an integrative documentary analysis of 31 specialized bibliographic references (2004-2025), an integral conceptual framework is constructed that delimits the constitutive dimensions and structural elements of the phenomenon. The results identify a multidimensional construct composed of three dimensions: identification and strategic categorization, effectiveness of participatory mechanisms, and differentiated impact according to priority groups. A taxonomy of six strategic configurations is established that includes municipal conditional cash transfers, differentiated labor inclusion, targeted social infrastructure, comprehensive community risk management, specialized institutional strengthening and inter-institutional articulation. The municipal strategies constitute adaptive institutional systems that go beyond traditional welfare approaches towards social investment models that recognize priority groups as active agents of development.
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Referencias
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