Impacto de las políticas públicas de salud auditiva en la calidad de vida por hipoacusia: revisión sistemática
Impact of public hearing health policies on quality of life due to hearing loss: a systematic reviewContenido principal del artículo
La pérdida auditiva se presenta como uno de los principales desafíos en salud pública, por su impacto social, económico y sanitario. El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de las políticas públicas de salud auditiva en la calidad de vida de la población con hipoacusia. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura con enfoque cualitativo. Se consultaron las bases indexadas Scielo, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed y ProQuest, durante el periodo 2020 – 2025, registrándose 260 artículos, de los cuales 25 fueron seleccionados. Los hallazgos identificaron cinco ejes temáticos: situación de las políticas públicas, intervenciones terapéuticas y tecnológicas, intervenciones generales, medidas para mejorar el sistema salud auditiva e indicadores de la calidad de vida. Se evidenciaron inequidades persistentes y barreras estructurales que limitan el acceso a los servicios auditivos, afectando el bienestar y la autonomía de la población. Se concluye que, aunque las intervenciones son eficaces y costo-eficientes, su impacto sigue restringido, lo que exige acciones políticas urgentes orientadas a garantizar inclusión, asequibilidad y protección social.
Hearing loss is one of the main public health challenges due to its social, economic, and health impact. The study aims to analyze the impact of public hearing health policies on the quality of life of the hearing-impaired population. A systematic literature review was conducted with a qualitative approach. The indexed databases Scielo, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and ProQuest were consulted during the period 2020–2025, registering 260 articles, of which 25 were selected. The findings identified five thematic axes: the status of public policies, therapeutic and technological interventions, general interventions, measures to improve the hearing health system, and quality of life indicators. Persistent inequities and structural barriers that limit access to hearing services were evident, affecting the well-being and autonomy of the population. The conclusion is that, although interventions are effective and cost-efficient, their impact remains limited, requiring urgent political actions aimed at ensuring inclusion, affordability, and social protection.
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Cómo citar
Referencias
Alrasheed, A., Junaid, M., Ardi, K., Ebraheem, F., y Alaidaroos, O. (2023). Quality of Life Among Adults With Hearing Loss Who Were Prescribed Hearing Aids in Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Tertiary Center-Based Study. Cureus, 15(9), e45922. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.45922
Baxter, J. (2022). Hearing Health Policy and Advocacy. Seminars in Hearing, 43(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0042-1743124
Bergman, P., Lyxell, B., Harder, H., y Mäki-Torkko, E. (2020). The Outcome of Unilateral Cochlear Implantation in Adults: Speech Recognition, Health-Related Quality of Life and Level of Anxiety and Depression: a One- and Three-Year Follow-Up Study. International archives of otorhinolaryngology, 24(3), e338–e346. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399540
Boisvert, I., Reis, M., Au, A., Cowan, R., y Dowell, R. C. (2020). Cochlear implantation outcomes in adults: A scoping review. PloS one, 15(5), e0232421. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232421
Borre, E., Kaalund, K., Frisco, N., Zhang, G., Ayer, A., Kelly-Hedrick, M., Reed, S., Emmett, S., Francis, H., Tucci, D., Wilson, B., Kosinski, A., Ogbuoji, O., y Sanders Schmidler, G. D. (2022). The impact of hearing loss and its treatment on health-related quality of life utility: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 38(2), 456–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-022-07795-9
Dritsakis, G., Trenkova, L., Śliwińska-Kowalska, M., Brdaric, D., Pontoppidan, N., Katrakaza, P., y Bamiou, D. (2020). Public health policy-making for hearing loss: stakeholders’ evaluation of a novel eHealth tool. Health Research Policy and Systems, 18(125),1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-020-00637-2
Häußler, S., Knopke, S., Dudka, S., Gräbel, S., Ketterer, M., Battmer, R., Ernst, A., y Olze, H. (2020). Improvement in tinnitus distress, health-related quality of life and psychological comorbidities by cochlear implantation in single-sided deaf patients. Verbesserung von Tinnitusdistress, Lebensqualität und psychologischen Komorbiditäten durch Cochleaimplantation einseitig ertaubter Patienten. HNO, 68(Suppl 1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-019-0705-8
Hay-McCutcheon, M., Threadgill, M., Yang, X., y Phillips, F. (2020). Access to Hearing Health Care, Geographical Residency, and Quality of Life in Adults with and without Hearing Loss. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 31(7), 485–495. https://doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.19014
Hay-McCutcheon, M., y Yang, X. (2020). Geographical Residency and Quality of Life in Adults with and without Hearing Loss. Innovation in Aging, 4(Suppl 1), 854. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3143
Huang, A. R., Garcia Morales, E., Arnold, M. L., Burgard, S., Couper, D., Deal, J. A., Glynn, N. W., Gmelin, T., Goman, A. M., Gravens-Mueller, L., Hayden, K. M., Mitchell, C. M., Pankow, J. S., Pike, J. R., Reed, N. S., Sanchez, V. A., Schrack, J. A., Sullivan, K. J., Coresh, J., ... Chisolm, T. H. (2024). A hearing intervention and health-related quality of life in older adults: A secondary analysis of the ACHIEVE randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 7(11),1-14. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.46591
Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática [INEI] (2017). Perú Resultados Definitivos de los Censos Nacionales 2017. INEI. https://tinyurl.com/3k3t4bus
Kiely, K., y Anstey, K. (2021). Putting age-related hearing loss on the public health agenda in Australia. Public health research & practice, 31(5), 3152125. https://doi.org/10.17061/phrp3152125
Le, H., Petersen, S., Mensah, F., Gold, L., Wake, M., y Reilly, S. (2020). Health-Related Quality of Life in Children With Low Language or Congenital Hearing Loss, as Measured by the PedsQL and Health Utility Index Mark 3. Value in health: the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 23(2), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2019.07.019
Lu, L., Henn, P., O'Tuathaigh, C., y Smith, S. (2024). Patient-healthcare provider communication and age-related hearing loss: a qualitative study of patients' perspectives. Irish journal of medical science, 193(1), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-023-03432-4
Lupo, J., Biever, A., y Kelsall, D. C. (2020). Comprehensive hearing aid assessment in adults with bilateral severe-profound sensorineural hearing loss who present for Cochlear implant evaluation. American journal of otolaryngology, 41(2), 102300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.102300
McKee, M., James, T. G., Helm, K. V. T., Marzolf, B., Chung, D. H., Williams, J., y Zazove, P. (2022). Reframing Our Health Care System for Patients With Hearing Loss. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research: JSLHR, 65(10), 3633–3645. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_JSLHR-22-00052
McMahon, C. M., Barr, C. M., Vitkovic, J., y Gopinath, B. (2021). A public health approach to ensure equitable, person-centred solutions to address ear disease, hearing loss and deafness. Public health research & practice, 31(5), 3152133. https://doi.org/10.17061/phrp3152133
Morros-González, E., Morsch, P., Hommes, C., Vega, E., y Cano-Gutiérrez, C. (2022). Retomando los sonidos: Prevención de la hipoacusia y rehabilitación auditiva en las personas mayores. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 46, 1-5. https://tinyurl.com/mpkyhcyt
Olsson, M., Lewis, A., Arvidsson, L., y Hua, H. (2022). Health-Related Quality of Life and Work Satisfaction in Working-Aged Adults Pre- and Post-Cochlear Implant: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of clinical medicine, 11(23), 7024. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237024
Organización Mundial de Salud (26 de febrero 2025). Sordera y pérdida de la audición. Portal de la OMS. https://tinyurl.com/mty8a4tm
Organización Panamericana de la Salud (2021). Informe mundial sobre la audición. Génova, 1-272. https://tinyurl.com/muntm44b
Pauquet, J., Thiel, C. M., Mathys, C., y Rosemann, S. (2021). Relationship between Memory Load and Listening Demands in Age-Related Hearing Impairment. Neural plasticity, 2021, 8840452. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8840452
Podury, A., Jiam, N., Kim, M., Donnenfield, J., y Dhand, A. (2023). Hearing and sociality: the implications of hearing loss on social life. Frontiers in neuroscience, 17, 1245434. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1245434
Robles-Espinoza, A., Rubio-Jurado, B., De la Rosa-Galván, E., y Nava-Zavala, A. (2016). Generalidades y conceptos de calidad de vida en relación con los cuidados de salud. Medigraphic, 121, https://tinyurl.com/v8jevbca
Shaw, G. (2016). The noncompliance challenge: how to improve hearing aid use. The Hearing Journal, 69(11), 22-3. https://tinyurl.com/bp8sj98y
Shen, Y., Zhou, T., Zou, W., Zhang, J., Yan, S., Ye, H., y Huang, W. (2025). Global, regional, and national burden of hearing loss from 1990 to 2021: findings from the 2021 global burden of disease study. Annals of medicine, 57(1), 2527367. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2025.2527367
Silva, E., Carvalho, M., Hernandez, C., y da Silva, B. (2023) Impact of hearing aids on the quality of life of adults with adult disabilities: scope review. Audiology Communication Research, 28, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6431-2023-2804en
Soberón, A., Duffó, D., y Agüero, A. (2023). Mas allá de las barreras auditivas: Explorando el potencial de las tecnologías para la inclusión de personas con discapacidad durante la pandemia en Perú. Documento de Trabajo N° XXX. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (IEP). https://tinyurl.com/e389hdwf
Sohmer, J., Lobaina, D., Jhumkhawala, V., Rao, M., Baker, J., Fridman, S., Knecht, M., y Sacca, L. (2025). Health disparities and health literacy challenges experienced by individuals with hearing loss: A scoping review. Patient education and counseling, 131, 108549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2024.108549
Teitelbaum, J., McGowan, A., Richmond, T., Kleinman, D., Pronk, N., Ochiai, E., Blakey, C., y Brewer, K. (2021). Law and Policy as Tools in Healthy People 2030. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 27(1), S265–S273. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001358
Tsimpida, D., Kontopantelis, E., Ashcroft, D., y Panagioti, M. (2021). Conceptual model of hearing health inequalities (HHI Model): a critical interpretive synthesis. Trends in Hearing, 25, https://tinyurl.com/3ft39rr6
Tsimpida, D., Piroddi, R., Daras, K., y Melis, G. (2025). Assessing hearing health inequalities using routine health information systems. Journal of public health policy, 46(3), 630–644. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-025-00584-8
Vandenbroeke, T., Andries, E., Lammers, M., Van de Heyning, P., Hofkens-Van den Brandt, A., Vanderveken, O., Van Rompaey, V., y Mertens, G. (2025). Cognitive Changes Up to 4 Years After Cochlear Implantation in Older Adults: A Prospective Longitudinal Study Using the RBANS-H. Ear and hearing, 46(2), 361–370. https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000001583
World Health Organization [WHO] (20 de octubre 2020). Deafness and hearing loss. Geneva: WHO. https://tinyurl.com/59kawe3w
Zhu, J., Yang, M., Zhou, C., Kang, H., y Wang, D. (2025). Global burden and trends of age-related and other hearing loss: A 32-year analysis and future projections based on the GBD 2021. PloS one, 20(8), e0330690. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0330690