Análisis estructural del efecto de habilidades blandas en la empleabilidad de egresados peruanos de administración
Structural analysis of the effect of soft skills on the employability of peruvian business administration graduatesContenido principal del artículo
Este estudio analizó el efecto de las habilidades blandas en la empleabilidad percibida de egresados peruanos de Administración. Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo, transversal y no experimental, con análisis factorial exploratorio, confirmatorio y modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales en una muestra de 243 participantes. El modelo estructural mostró índices de ajuste adecuados (CFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.045) y evidenció un efecto positivo y significativo (β = 0.47, p < 0.001) de las habilidades blandas sobre la empleabilidad percibida. Las dimensiones más influyentes fueron el desarrollo personal y la sensibilidad organizacional, lo que confirma su papel decisivo en la inserción laboral. Estos resultados aportan evidencia empírica para el contexto latinoamericano y resaltan que la integración de competencias socioemocionales en la formación universitaria es esencial para fortalecer la empleabilidad, la adaptación profesional y la proyección laboral de los egresados en entornos cada vez más competitivos y exigentes.
This study analyzed the effect of soft skills on the perceived employability of Peruvian graduates in Business Administration. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and non-experimental approach was applied, incorporating exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling in a sample of 243 participants. The structural model showed adequate fit indices (CFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.045) and revealed a positive and significant effect (β = 0.47, p < 0.001) of soft skills on perceived employability. The most influential dimensions were personal development and organizational sensitivity, confirming their decisive role in labor market integration. These findings provide empirical evidence for the Latin American context and emphasize that integrating socio-emotional competencies into university education is essential to strengthen employability, professional adaptability, and the career projection of graduates in increasingly competitive and demanding work environments.
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Cómo citar
Referencias
Abdullah, A. R., Muhammad, M. Z., y Md Nasir, N. A. (2021). The Role of Soft Skills on Business Graduates Employability. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business, 7(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.17687/jeb.v7i2.463
Anzules-Falcones, W., Martin-Castilla, J. I., y Tulcanaza-Prieto, A. B. (2025). Holistic Approach in Higher Education in Latin America to Adapt to New Social and Labor Needs: Challenges for Quality Assurance. Education Sciences, 15(8), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15081035
Bedoya-Guerrero, A., Basantes-Andrade, A., Orlando Rosales, F., Naranjo-Toro, M., y León-Carlosama, R. (2024). Soft Skills and Employability of Online Graduate Students. Education Sciences, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14080864
Beneitone, P., Esquetini, C., Gonzáles, J., Marty, M., Siufi, G., y Wagenaar, R. (2007). Reflexiones y perspectivas de la educación superior en América Latina: Informe final del Proyecto Tuning América Latina 2004-2007. https://bit.ly/tuning-latinoamerica
Berntson, E., y Marklund, S. (2007). The relationship between perceived employability and subsequent health. Work and Stress, 21(3), 279–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370701659215
Bisschoff, Z. S., y Massyn, L. (2024). A conceptual soft skills competency framework for enhancing graduate intern employability. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-08-2023-0239
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS (Second edition). https://bit.ly/4n3NZXJ
CEPAL/OEI. (2020). Educación, juventud y trabajo: habilidades y competencias necesarias en un contexto cambiante. https://bit.ly/3IMIPl9
Chan, R. (2023). An Empirical Study on the Needed Employability Skills in Post-Pandemic. Studies in Business and Economics, 18(3), 91–107. https://doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2023-0047
Chiu, Y. L., Xu, L., Hsu, Y. T., y Wang, J. N. (2024). Soft skills unveiled: a comprehensive exploration of employer preferences and employability essentials. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2024.2351198
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences Second Edition (Second). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. https://bit.ly/47qfu9j
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C. ., Babin, B. J. ., y Anderson, R. E. . (2014). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Education Limited. https://bit.ly/497zoav
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., y Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis eighth edition (Eighth edition). Annabel Ainscow. www.cengage.com/highered
Hu, L. T., y Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. (2022). Situación del mercado laboral en Lima Metropolitana. https://bit.ly/4n82Q3A
Kerlinger, F. N., y Lee, H. B. (2002). Investigación del comportamiento (4th ed.). https://bit.ly/3Lc7u36
Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (Fourth). THE GUILFOR PRESS. https://bit.ly/4qbg2qX
Muñoz de Luna, A. B., y Martin, S. (2025). The Three-Factor Model and Skills for Employability. Journal of Posthumanism, 5(2), 836–853. https://doi.org/10.63332/joph.v5i2.459
Mwita, K., Mwilongo, N., y Mwamboma, I. (2024). The role of soft skills, technical skills and academic performance on graduate employability. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 13(5), 767–776. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v13i5.3457
Novella, R., y Rosas, D. (2022). Talento digital en el Perú 2022. ¿Qué demanda el mercado laboral? https://bit.ly/3W8dlZC
Pamos de la Hoz, A. (2016). Diseño y validación de un cuestionario de evaluación de competencias con soporte informático [Universidad Complutense de Madrid]. https://bit.ly/4o4dae0
Rychen, D. S., y Salganik, L. H. (2000). Definition and Selection of Competencies: Theoretical and Conceptual Foundations Definition and Selection of Key Competencies. https://bit.ly/4oqnm0v
Stallings, S. O. (2024). A Post-Pandemic Measurement of the Required Soft Employability Skills for Business School Graduates. https://bit.ly/4h9Sa30
Succi, C., y Canovi, M. (2019). Soft skills to enhance graduate employability: comparing students and employers’ perceptions [Habilidades blandas para mejorar la empleabilidad de los graduados: comparando las percepciones de los estudiantes y los empleadores]. Estudios En Educación Superior, 45, 15. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1585420
Vezi-Magigaba, M. F., y Utete, R. (2024). Enhancing Graduate Employability: Inculcating Soft Skills into the Tertiary Institutions’ Curriculum. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 13(5), 62–80. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v13n5p62
Villegas, C. (2024). A systematic review of research on soft skills for employability. Advanced Education, 2024(25), 200–212. https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.314064