Modelo teórico integral de estrategias municipales para mitigar la inseguridad ciudadana en América Latina
The integral theoretical model of municipal strategies to mitigate citizen insecurity in Latin AmericaContenido principal del artículo
La inseguridad ciudadana continúa afectando la gobernabilidad local, la cohesión social y el desarrollo económico en diversas ciudades latinoamericanas. Este artículo teórico propone un modelo integral de estrategias municipales para mitigar la inseguridad ciudadana, articulando enfoques de prevención situacional, criminología ambiental, gobernanza multinivel y gestión pública orientada a resultados. El modelo se fundamenta en una revisión crítica de literatura reciente indexada en Scopus y SciELO, complementada con tendencias observadas en informes de observatorios regionales de seguridad ciudadana, que evidencian el predominio de delitos contra el patrimonio, el incremento de extorsiones y la persistencia de violencia hacia mujeres y grupos vulnerables. Sobre esta base, se estructuran cinco componentes estratégicos: entorno construido, intervención social, participación comunitaria, control y vigilancia, y capacidad institucional. El modelo busca orientar políticas municipales que integren seguridad ciudadana, desarrollo local, empleo y emprendimiento, fortaleciendo la gobernanza territorial en contextos de vulnerabilidad urbana.
Citizen insecurity continues to affect local governance, social cohesion, and economic development in several Latin American cities. This theoretical article proposes an integral model of municipal strategies to mitigate citizen insecurity, integrating approaches from situational crime prevention, environmental criminology, multi-level governance, and results-based public management. The model is grounded in a critical review of recent literature indexed in Scopus and SciELO, complemented by trends reported by regional citizen-security observatories, which show the predominance of property crimes, the rise of extortion practices, and persistent violence against women and vulnerable groups. Based on this evidence, five strategic components are identified: built environment, social intervention, community participation, control and surveillance, and institutional capacity. The model aims to guide municipal policies that link citizen security with local development, employment, and entrepreneurship, thereby strengthening territorial governance in vulnerable urban contexts.
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