Transformación digital en la gestión pública: Impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en la eficiencia administrativa
Digital transformation in public management: Impact of new technologies on administrative efficiencyContenido principal del artículo
La transformación digital en la gestión pública representa un cambio paradigmático en la administración gubernamental contemporánea. Este artículo de revisión conceptual es de enfoque cualitativo de carácter interpretativo con el objetivo de analizar el impacto de las tecnologías emergentes en la eficiencia administrativa del sector público, examinando la literatura científica durante el periodo 2019 - 2024. Se identifican cinco dimensiones críticas: gobierno electrónico, automatización de procesos, análisis de datos masivos, inteligencia artificial y ciberseguridad. Los hallazgos revelan que la implementación tecnológica mejora significativamente la eficiencia operativa (reducción de tiempos entre 40-60%), la transparencia gubernamental y la satisfacción ciudadana. Sin embargo, persisten desafíos relacionados con la brecha digital, resistencia al cambio organizacional y limitaciones presupuestarias. Se propone un marco conceptual integrador que articula las dimensiones tecnológicas, organizacionales y humanas de la transformación digital pública. Las conclusiones sugieren que el éxito de la transformación digital requiere estrategias holísticas que combinen inversión tecnológica, capacitación del personal y rediseño de procesos administrativos.
The digital transformation in public management represents a paradigmatic change in contemporary government administration. This conceptual review article has a qualitative and interpretative approach with the objective of analyzing the impact of emerging technologies on administrative efficiency in the public sector, examining scientific literature during the period 2019 - 2024. Five critical dimensions are identified: electronic government, process automation, massive data analysis, artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. The findings reveal that technological implementation significantly improves operational efficiency (time reduction between 40-60%), government transparency and citizen satisfaction. However, challenges related to the digital divide, resistance to organizational change and presupposed limitations persist. An integrative conceptual framework is proposed that articulates the technological, organizational and human dimensions of public digital transformation. The conclusions suggest that the success of digital transformation requires holistic strategies that combine technological investment, personnel training and the redesign of administrative processes.
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